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<A HREF="gramverb.html">
THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH VERB TENSES</A><P>
<A HREF="gramverb.html#1">THE ACTIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO SHOW</A><P>
<A HREF="gramverb.html#2">THE VERB TO BE AND THE PASSIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO SHOW</A><P>
<A HREF="gramirr.html">COMMON ENGLISH IRREGULAR VERBS</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 1.</B> <A HREF="gramch01.html">The simple present of the verb <B>to be</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1. <A HREF="gramch01.html#1">Grammar</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2. <A HREF="gramch01.html#2">Verb forms</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3. <A HREF="gramch01.html#3">Uses of the simple present tense</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4. <A HREF="gramch01.html#4">The simple present of the verb <B>to be</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch01.html#4a"> Affirmative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch01.html#4b"> Questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch01.html#4c"> Negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch01.html#4d"> Negative questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;e.<A HREF="gramch01.html#4e"> Tag questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex01.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 2.</B> <A HREF="gramch02.html">The simple present of verbs other than the verb <B>to be</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch02.html#1"> The formation of the simple present</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch02.html#1a"> The simple present of the verb <B>to have</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch02.html#2"> Spelling rules for adding <B>s</B> in the third person singular</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch02.html#2a"> Verbs ending in <B>y</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch02.html#2b"> Verbs ending in <B>o</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch02.html#2c"> Verbs ending in <B>ch</B>, <B>s</B>, <B>sh</B>, <B>x</B> or <B>z</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch02.html#3"> Pronunciation of the <B>es</B> ending</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch02.html#4"> The auxiliary <B>do</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch02.html#4a"> Questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch02.html#4b"> Negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch02.html#4c"> Negative questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch02.html#4d"> Tag questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;e.<A HREF="gramch02.html#4e"> The verb <B>to have</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex02.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 3.</B><A HREF="gramch03.html"> The present continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch03.html#1"> Uses of the present continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch03.html#2"> Formation of the present continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch03.html#3"> Spelling rules for the formation of the present participle</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch03.html#3a"> Verbs ending in a silent <B>e</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch03.html#3b"> Verbs ending in <B>ie</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch03.html#3c"> One-syllable verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch03.html#3d"> Verbs of more than one syllable which end in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch03.html#4"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch03.html#4a"> Questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch03.html#4b"> Negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch03.html#4c"> Negative questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch03.html#4d"> Tag questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch03.html#5"> Comparison of the uses of the simple present and present continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex03.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 4.</B><A HREF="gramch04.html"> The present perfect and the present perfect continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch04.html#1"> Use of the present perfect</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch04.html#2"> Formation of the present perfect: Regular verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch04.html#3"> Spelling rules for adding <B>ed</B> to form the past participle</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch04.html#3a"> Verbs ending in a silent <B>e</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch04.html#3b"> Verbs ending in <B>y</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch04.html#3c"> Verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch04.html#4"> Pronunciation of the <B>ed</B> ending</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch04.html#5"> Formation of the present perfect: Irregular verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch04.html#6"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch04.html#6a"> Questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch04.html#6b"> Negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch04.html#6c"> Negative questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch04.html#6d"> Tag questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 7.<A HREF="gramch04.html#7"> The present perfect continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch04.html#7a"> Use</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch04.html#7b"> Formation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch04.html#7c"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex04.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 5.</B><A HREF="gramch05.html"> The simple past</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch05.html#1"> Uses of the simple past</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch05.html#2"> Formation of the simple past</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch05.html#2a"> The verb <B>to be</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch05.html#2a1"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch05.html#2b"> Other verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch05.html#2b1"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch05.html#3"> The simple past of <B>to use</B> followed by an infinitive</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex05.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 6.</B><A HREF="gramch06.html"> The past continuous, the past perfect and the past perfect continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch06.html#1"> Summary of the uses of the English tenses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch06.html#2"> The past continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch06.html#2a"> Use</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch06.html#2b"> Formation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch06.html#2c"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch06.html#3"> The past perfect</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch06.html#3a"> Use</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch06.html#3b"> Formation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch06.html#3c"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch06.html#4"> The past perfect continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch06.html#4a"> Use</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch06.html#4b"> Formation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch06.html#4c"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch06.html#5"> Summary of the formation of the English present and past tenses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch06.html#6"> Emphatic statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex06.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 7.</B><A HREF="gramch07.html"> The future tenses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch07.html#1"> The simple future</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch07.html#1a"> Use</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch07.html#1b"> Formation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch07.html#1c"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch07.html#2"> The conjugation expressing determination and compulsion</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch07.html#3"> The present continuous of <B>to go</B> followed by an infinitive</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch07.html#4"> The future continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch07.html#4a"> Use</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch07.html#4b"> Formation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch07.html#4c"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch07.html#5"> The future perfect</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch07.html#5a"> Use</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch07.html#5b"> Formation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch07.html#5c"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch07.html#6"> The future perfect continuous</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch07.html#6a"> Use</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch07.html#6b"> Formation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch07.html#6c"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 7.<A HREF="gramch07.html#7"> Summary of the formation of the English future tenses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 8.<A HREF="gramch07.html#8"> Clauses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch07.html#8a"> Coordinate clauses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch07.html#8b"> Subordinate clauses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch07.html#8c"> The past perfect and the simple past</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch07.html#8d"> The use of the present in subordinate clauses to express future actions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex07.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 8.</B><A HREF="gramch08.html"> Conjugations with the auxiliary <B>would</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch08.html#1"> Uses of the auxiliary <B>would</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch08.html#2"> Formation of conjugations with the auxiliary <B>would</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch08.html#2a"> The simple conjugation with the auxiliary <B>would</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch08.html#2b"> The continuous conjugation with the auxiliary <B>would</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch08.html#2c"> The perfect conjugation with the auxiliary <B>would</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch08.html#2d"> The perfect continuous conjugation with the auxiliary <B>would</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch08.html#3"> Summary of the formation of the conjugations with the auxiliary <B>would</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch08.html#4"> The &quot;future in the past&quot;</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex08.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 9.</B><A HREF="gramch09.html"> The subjunctive</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch09.html#1"> Uses of the subjunctive</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch09.html#2"> Formation of the subjunctive</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch09.html#3"> Formal commands and requests</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch09.html#4"> Wishes</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch09.html#4a"> An earlier time</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch09.html#4b"> The same time</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch09.html#4c"> A later time</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch09.html#4d"> Summary</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;e.<A HREF="gramch09.html#4e"> Use of the auxiliary <B>could</B> in expressing wishes</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5"> Conditions which are false or improbable</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5a"> Forms of the verb used in the main clause</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5a1"> Referring to present or future time</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5a2"> Referring to past time</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5a3"> Summary</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iv.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5a4"> Use of the auxiliary <B>could</B> in sentences containing false or improbable conditions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5b"> Forms of the verb used in the subordinate clause</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5b1"> Referring to present or future time</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5b2"> Referring to past time</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5b3"> Summary</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch09.html#5c"> Changing a statement containing a probable condition into a statement containing an improbable condition</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch09.html#6"> The imperative mood</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex09.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 10.</B><A HREF="gramch10.html"> Modal verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch10.html#1"> Formation of the modal conjugations</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch10.html#1a"> Questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch10.html#1b"> Negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch10.html#1c"> Negative questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch10.html#1d"> Tag questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch10.html#2"> Relationships among the modal auxiliaries</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch10.html#3"> <B>Can</B> and <B>could</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch10.html#4"> <B>May</B>, <B>might</B> and <B>must</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch10.html#5"> <B>Should</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch10.html#6"> Expressions Which are synonymous with the modal auxiliaries</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch10.html#6a"> The pronunciation of <B>have to</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 7.<A HREF="gramch10.html#7"> The use of auxiliaries in tag questions, short answers and ellipsis</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch10.html#7a"> Negative tag questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch10.html#7b"> Affirmative tag questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch10.html#7c"> Short answers</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch10.html#7d"> Ellipsis</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex10.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 11.</B><A HREF="gramch11.html"> Transitive and intransitive verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch11.html#1"> Direct objects</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch11.html#2"> <B>Lay</B> and <B>lie</B>, <B>raise</B> and <B>rise</B> and <B>set</B> and <B>sit</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch11.html#2a"> <B>To lay</B> and <B>to lie</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch11.html#2b"> <B>To raise</B> and <B>to rise</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch11.html#2c"> <B>To set</B> and <B>to sit</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch11.html#3"> Indirect objects</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex11.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 12.</B><A HREF="gramch12.html"> The passive voice</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch12.html#1"> Use of the passive voice</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch12.html#2"> Formation of the indicative mood of the passive voice</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch12.html#2a"> The Simple Present indicative</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch12.html#2b"> The other indicative tenses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch12.html#2c"> Summary of the formation of the indicative tenses of the passive voice</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch12.html#3"> Questions and negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch12.html#3a"> Questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch12.html#3b"> Negative statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch12.html#3c"> Negative questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch12.html#4"> Changing the voice of a verb</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch12.html#5"> Changing the voice of a verb while preserving the meaning of a sentence</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch12.html#5a"> Changing the verb from the active voice to the passive voice</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch12.html#5b"> Changing the verb from the passive voice to the active voice</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch12.html#5c"> Changing the voice of a verb which takes both a direct object and an indirect object</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch12.html#6"> The subjunctive mood of the passive voice</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch12.html#6a"> Use of the simple present subjunctive</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch12.html#6b"> Use of the past forms of the subjunctive</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex12.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 13.</B><A HREF="gramch13.html"> Nouns: The formation of plurals</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch13.html#1"> Proper nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch13.html#2"> Countable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3"> The formation of plurals</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3a"> Nouns ending in <B>ch</B>, <B>s</B>, <B>sh</B>, <B>x</B> or <B>z</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3b"> Nouns ending in <B>y</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3c"> Plurals of proper nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3d"> Nouns ending in <B>f</B> or <B>fe</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;e.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3e"> Nouns ending in <B>o</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;f.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3f"> Foreign words</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;g.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3g"> Hyphenated nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;h.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3h"> Numbers and letters</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch13.html#3i"> Irregular plurals</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex13.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 14.</B><A HREF="gramch14.html"> Singular countable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch14.html#1"> The use of determiners with singular countable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch14.html#2"> <B>A</B> and <B>an</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch14.html#3"> The use of <B>a</B> and <B>an</B> before singular countable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch14.html#3a"> A weakened form of <B>one</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch14.html#3b"> Naming a profession</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch14.html#3c"> Making a general statement</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch14.html#3d"> Referring to something not mentioned before</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;e.<A HREF="gramch14.html#3e"> <B>A</B> or <B>an</B> with the meaning of <B>per</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch14.html#4"> The use of <B>the</B> before singular countable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch14.html#4a"> Referring to something mentioned before</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch14.html#4b"> Referring to something unique</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch14.html#4c"> Referring to something when it is considered obvious what is meant</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch14.html#4d"> Referring to something as a class</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex14.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 15.</B><A HREF="gramch15.html"> Plural countable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch15.html#1"> The absence of a determiner before plural countable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch15.html#1a"> Making a general statement</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch15.html#1b"> Referring to something not mentioned before</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch15.html#1c"> Naming a profession</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch15.html#2"> The Use of <B>The</B> Before plural countable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch15.html#2a"> Referring to something mentioned before</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch15.html#2b"> Referring to something when it is considered obvious what is meant</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch15.html#2c"> Names of nationalities</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch15.html#2d"> Adjectives referring to classes of people</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch15.html#3"> The use of <B>the</B> with proper nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch15.html#3a"> Names of people</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch15.html#3b"> Names of places</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch15.html#4"> Nouns used only in the plural</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex15.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 16.</B><A HREF="gramch16.html"> Uncountable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch16.html#1"> The absence of a determiner before uncountable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch16.html#1a"> Making a general statement</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch16.html#1b"> Referring to something not mentioned before</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch16.html#2"> The use of <B>the</B> before uncountable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch16.html#2a"> Referring to something mentioned before</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch16.html#2b"> Referring to something when it is considered obvious what is meant</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch16.html#3"> The use of uncountable nouns to refer to individual things</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch16.html#4"> Nouns which can be either countable or uncountable</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch16.html#4a"> Differences in meaning</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch16.html#4b"> Referring to a type of something</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch16.html#4c"> Referring to places used for specific activities</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch16.html#4d"> Names of meals</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch16.html#5"> Infinitives used in the place of nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch16.html#6"> Gerunds</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 7.<A HREF="gramch16.html#7"> Specific verbs followed by infinitives and gerunds</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch16.html#7a"> Verbs followed by infinitives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch16.html#7b"> Verbs followed by either infinitives or gerunds</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch16.html#7c"> Verbs followed by gerunds</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex16.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 17.</B><A HREF="gramch17.html"> Nouns indicating possession and compound subjects</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch17.html#1"> Ways in which possession is indicated</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch17.html#1a"> The ending <B>s</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch17.html#1b"> The ending <B>s'</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch17.html#1c"> Phrases beginning with <B>of</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch17.html#1d"> Two consecutive nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch17.html#2"> Agreement of verbs with collective nouns and compound subjects</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch17.html#2a"> Collective nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch17.html#2b"> Amounts considered as a whole</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch17.html#2c"> Compound subjects</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch17.html#2c1"> Compound subjects with <B>and</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch17.html#2c2"> Compound subjects with <B>or</B> or <B>nor</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch17.html#2d"> Nouns followed by descriptive phrases</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex17.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 18.</B><A HREF="gramch18.html"> Personal pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch18.html#1"> The subjective case</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch18.html#2"> Agreement of personal pronouns with their antecedents</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch18.html#2a"> Male and female antecedents</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch18.html#2b"> Singular and plural antecedents</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch18.html#2c"> Human and non-human antecedents</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch18.html#3"> Special uses of <B>it</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch18.html#4"> The objective case</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch18.html#5"> Possessive personal pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch18.html#5a"> Possessive adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch18.html#5a1"> Possessive adjectives used with gerunds</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch18.html#5b"> Possessive pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch18.html#6"> Reflexive pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex18.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 19.</B><A HREF="gramch19.html"> Other pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch19.html#1"> Indefinite pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch19.html#1a"> The use of <B>one</B> in general statements</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch19.html#2"> Reciprocal pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch19.html#3"> Demonstrative pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4"> Interrogative pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4a"> Direct questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4b"> The pronoun <B>who</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4b1"> <B>Who</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4b2"> <B>Whom</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4b3"> <B>Whose</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4c"> <B>What</B> and <B>which</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4d"> Indirect questions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4d1"> Interrogative word as the subject</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4d2"> Interrogative word as the object of a verb or preposition</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch19.html#4d3"> The verb <B>to be</B> with a noun or pronoun complement</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch19.html#5"> Relative pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch19.html#5a"> Defining and non-defining relative clauses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch19.html#5a1"> Non-defining relative clauses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch19.html#5a2"> Defining relative clauses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch19.html#5b"> <B>That</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch19.html#5c"> <B>Which</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch19.html#5d"> <B>Who</B>, <B>whom</B> and <B>whose</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;e.<A HREF="gramch19.html#5e"> Comparison of the use of <B>that</B>, <B>which</B> and <B>who</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;f.<A HREF="gramch19.html#5f"> Other relative pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex19.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 20.</B><A HREF="gramch20.html"> Determiners</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch20.html#1"> Determiners used to refer to groups of two persons or things</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch20.html#2"> Determiners used as singular or plural pronouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch20.html#3"> The use of <B>all</B>, <B>both</B> and <B>each</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch20.html#4"> The use of <B>no</B>, <B>none</B> and <B>not</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch20.html#5"> The use of <B>some</B> and <B>any</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch20.html#6"> The use of <B>another</B>, <B>other</B>, <B>others</B> and <B>else</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 7.<A HREF="gramch20.html#7"> The use of <B>only</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 8.<A HREF="gramch20.html#8"> The use of <B>few</B>, <B>little</B> and <B>several</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 9.<A HREF="gramch20.html#9"> The expressions <B>such ... that</B>, <B>so ... that</B> and <B>too</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch20.html#9a"> <B>Such ... that</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch20.html#9b"> <B>So ... that</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch20.html#9c"> <B>Too</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex20.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 21.</B><A HREF="gramch21.html"> Adjectives: Position in a sentence</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch21.html#1"> Proper adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2"> Attributive adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2a"> Order of attributive adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2a1"> Determiners</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2a2"> General descriptive adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2a3"> Adjectives indicating color</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iv.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2a4"> Adjectives indicating materials</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;v.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2a5"> The position of proper adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;vi.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2a6"> Defining adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;vii.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2a7"> Ordinal adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2b"> Punctuation used with attributive adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2c"> Stress used with attributive adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2c1"> Adjectives indicating materials</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2c2"> Defining adjectives indicating location or time</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch21.html#2c3"> Defining adjectives indicating purpose</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch21.html#3"> Predicate adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch21.html#3a"> Attributive adjectives which can be used as predicate adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch21.html#3a1"> Order</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch21.html#3a2"> Punctuation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch21.html#3b"> Adjectives which can be used only as predicate adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch21.html#3c"> Linking verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch21.html#4"> Interpolated adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch21.html#5"> Adjectival phrases and clauses</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 6.<A HREF="gramch21.html#6"> Participles used as adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch21.html#6a"> Present participles</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch21.html#6b"> Past participles</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch21.html#6c"> Dangling participles</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch21.html#6d"> Past participles which follow the verb <B>to be</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex21.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 22.</B><A HREF="gramch22.html"> Adjectives used in comparisons: Part I</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch22.html#1"> Positive forms of adjectives preceded and followed by <B>as</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch22.html#1a"> The positive form combined with a noun</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch22.html#1b"> The use of ellipsis</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch22.html#1c"> The use of the subjective case</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2"> Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives which use endings</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2a"> Comparative forms of adjectives which use endings</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2a1"> Spelling rules</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2a2"> Irregular adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2a3"> The comparative form followed by <B>than</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iv.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2a4"> The comparative form followed by a noun, followed by <B>than</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;v.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2a5"> The use of ellipsis</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;vi.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2a6"> The use of the subjective case</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;vii.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2a7"> Progressive comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2b"> Superlative forms of adjectives which use endings</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2b1"> Spelling rules</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2b2"> Irregular adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2b3"> The superlative form preceded by <B>the</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iv.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2b4"> The use of ellipsis</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;v.<A HREF="gramch22.html#2b5"> The comparison of one or more things with a group</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex22.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 23.</B><A HREF="gramch23.html"> Adjectives used in comparisons: Part 2</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch23.html#1"> Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives which do not use endings</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch23.html#1a"> Comparative forms: The use of <B>more</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch23.html#1a1"> The comparative form followed by <B>than</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch23.html#1a2"> Progressive comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch23.html#1b"> The use of <B>less</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch23.html#1b1"> The construction <B>less ... than</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch23.html#1b2"> The construction <B>not as ... as</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch23.html#1b3"> The construction <B>less and less</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch23.html#1c"> Superlative forms</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch23.html#2"> The adjectives <B>many</B>, <B>much</B>, <B>few</B> and <B>little</B> used to compare quantities</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch23.html#2a"> The use of <B>many</B>, <B>much</B>, <B>few</B> and <B>little</B> with countable and uncountable nouns</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch23.html#2b"> Synonyms for <B>many</B> and <B>much</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch23.html#2c"> Positive forms used in comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch23.html#2d"> Comparative forms used in comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;e.<A HREF="gramch23.html#2e"> Superlative forms used in comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch23.html#3"> The adjectives <B>similar</B>, <B>different</B> and <B>same</B> used in comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch23.html#4"> Making logical comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex23.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 24.</B><A HREF="gramch24.html"> Adverbs: Position in a sentence</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch24.html#1"> Adverbs which modify adjectives and other adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch24.html#1a"> Intensifiers</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2"> Adverbs which modify verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2a"> Adverbs of frequency</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2b"> Adverbs of time</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2c"> Adverbs of manner</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2d"> Connecting adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;e.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2e"> Adverb phrases and clauses of purpose</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;f.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2f"> Adverbs of location</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2f1"> <B>Here</B> and <B>there</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2f2"> <B>There</B> used as an introductory word</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2f3"> Inverted word order</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;g.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2g"> Negative adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2g1"> Double negatives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch24.html#2g2"> Inverted word order</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch24.html#3"> Interrogative adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex24.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 25.</B><A HREF="gramch25.html"> Adverbs of manner and adverbs used in comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1"> Adverbs of manner</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1a"> Spelling rules for adding <B>ly</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1a1"> Adjectives ending in <B>ic</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1a2"> Adjectives ending in <B>le</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1a3"> Adjectives ending in <B>ll</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iv.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1a4"> Adjectives ending in <B>ue</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;v.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1a5"> Adjectives ending in <B>y</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1b"> Adverbs which do not use the ending <B>ly</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1c"> The differing functions of adjectives and adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1c1"> Adjectives which modify nouns compared with adverbs which modify verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1c2"> Adjectives which modify nouns compared with adverbs which modify adjectives</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#1c3"> Predicate adjectives which modify the subjects of verbs compared with adverbs which modify verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2"> Adverbs used in comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2a"> The formation of comparative and superlative forms of adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2a1"> Adverbs used with <B>more</B> and <B>most</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2a2"> Adverbs used with the endings <B>er</B> and <B>est</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2a3"> Irregular adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2b"> Positive forms of adverbs used in comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2b1"> The construction with <B>as ... as</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2b2"> Ellipsis</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2c"> Comparative forms of adverbs used in comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2c1"> The construction with <B>than</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2c2"> Progressive comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2c3"> The construction with <B>less and less</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iv.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2c4"> The construction with <B>the ..., the ...</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2d"> Superlative forms of adverbs used in comparisons</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;i.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2d1"> The construction with <B>the</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ii.<A HREF="gramch25.html#2d2"> The construction with <B>the least</B></A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex25.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 26.</B><A HREF="gramch26.html"> Prepositions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch26.html#1"> The meanings of prepositions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch26.html#2"> Idioms beginning with prepositions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch26.html#3"> Nouns followed by prepositions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch26.html#4"> Adjectives and verbs in the passive voice followed by prepositions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch26.html#5"> Verbs followed by prepositions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex26.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 27.</B><A HREF="gramch27.html"> Phrasal verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch27.html#1"> Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch27.html#1a"> The position of the object of the preposition</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch27.html#1b"> The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch27.html#1c"> Stress in spoken English</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch27.html#1d"> Expressions in which the verb has an object</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch27.html#2"> Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch27.html#2a"> The position of the object of the verb</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch27.html#2b"> The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch27.html#2c"> Stress in spoken English</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch27.html#2d"> Ergative verbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch27.html#3"> Distinguishing between verbs followed by prepositions and verbs followed by adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch27.html#3a"> Adverb phrases of location compared with phrasal verbs followed by objects</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch27.html#3b"> Words used as prepositions or adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch27.html#4"> Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a word which can function either as an adverb or as a preposition</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch27.html#4a"> Expressions in which the verb has an object</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch27.html#5"> Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb followed by a preposition</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch27.html#5a"> Expressions in which the verb has an object</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex27.html">Exercises</A>

<P>
<B>CHAPTER 28.</B><A HREF="gramch28.html"> Conjunctions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.<A HREF="gramch28.html#1"> Coordinate conjunctions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.<A HREF="gramch28.html#2"> Correlative conjunctions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.<A HREF="gramch28.html#3"> Subordinate conjunctions</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.<A HREF="gramch28.html#4"> Connecting adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;a.<A HREF="gramch28.html#4a"> Stress and punctuation</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b.<A HREF="gramch28.html#4b"> Connecting adverbs used to connect sentences</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;c.<A HREF="gramch28.html#4c"> Position in a clause</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;d.<A HREF="gramch28.html#4d"> Examples of connecting adverbs</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.<A HREF="gramch28.html#5"> Parallel construction</A><BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="gramex28.html">Exercises</A>

<P>

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